Mr. Palm's Science/Social Studies Site
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  • Science
    • 1st Six Weeks >
      • Unit 1 Physical Properties of Matter
      • Unit 2 Mixtures & Solutions
    • 2nd Six Weeks >
      • Unit 3 Energy
      • Unit 4 Force and Motion
    • 3rd Six Weeks >
      • Unit 6 The Changing of Earth
    • 4th Six Weeks >
      • Unit 5 Natural Resources
      • Unit 7 Weather and the Water Cycle
    • 5th Six Weeks >
      • Unit 8 Patterns of Earth
      • Unit 9 Energy Flow in Living Systems
    • 6th Six Weeks >
      • Traits >
        • Q 1
        • Q 2
        • Q3
        • Q4
        • Q5
        • Q6
        • Q7
        • Q8
        • Q9
        • Q10
        • Q11
        • Q12
        • Q13
        • Q14
        • Q15
        • Q16
        • Q17
        • Q18
        • Q19
        • Q20
        • Q21
        • Q22
        • Q23
        • Q24
        • Q25
        • Q26
        • Q27
        • Q28
        • Q29
        • Q30
        • Q31
        • Q32
        • Q33
        • Q34
        • Q35
        • Q36
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        • Q38
        • Q39
        • Q40
        • Q41
        • Q42
        • Q43
        • Q44
        • Q45
        • Q46
        • Q47
        • Q48
        • Q49
        • Q50
      • Unit 10 Structure and behaviors of Organisms >
        • Adaptations
      • Unit 11 Life Cycles
  • Tx 1st Sem
    • Texas Map Project
    • Regions
    • HOW PEOPLE IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF TEXAS EARN THEIR LIVING
    • American Indians >
      • ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES USED BY EARLY AMERICAN INDIANS IN TX
      • Caddo
      • Karankawa
      • Tonkawa
      • Lipan Apache
      • Jumano and Concho
      • Comanche
    • TX Indian's Reading Cards >
      • Comanche
      • Lipan Apache
      • Karankawa
      • Caddo
      • Jumano
    • Exploration and Mission Life >
      • MOTIVATIONS FOR EXPLORATION AND SETTLEMENT
      • WHEN, WHERE, WHY SPANISH ESTABLISHED SETTLEMENTS AND
      • ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND IMPACT OF SIGNIFICANT EXPLORERS >
        • Cabeza de Vaca (Spain)
        • Francisco Coronado (Spain)
        • René Robert Cavelier
        • Jose de Escandon
        • EFFECTS OF EXPLORATION
    • Colonization of TX >
      • Missions of TX
      • SIGNIFICANT EMPRESARIOS
      • TEXAS’ ROLE IN THE MEXICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
      • CHARACTERISTICS OF GOVERNMENTS AND THEIR INFLUENCE
    • Important People of Texas Revolution
    • People of TX Revolution
    • Major Events of the TX Revolution
    • Battles of the Revolution
    • SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTIONS OF INDIVIDUALS
  • Tx 2nd Sem
    • Republic and Statehood >
      • Important People of the TX Republic
      • Economic Struggles
      • Relations With American Indians
      • Events That Led to the Annexation of TX into The U.S.
    • Civil War and Reconstruction >
      • Civil War and Reconstruction PowerPoint
      • IMPACT OF THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION ON TEXAS
      • DEVELOPMENT OF THE FREE ENTERPRISE SYSTEM IN TEXAS
      • HOW THE FREE ENTERPRISE SYSTEM WORKS AND EXAMPLES
      • EXAMPLES OF THE BENEFITS OF THE FREE ENTERPRISE SYSTEM
      • Texas Industries
      • ORIGINS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF STATE CELEBRATIONS
    • The Six National Flags of Texas
    • Texas Frontier >
      • The Cattle and Railroad Industry
      • GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND IMPACT OF THE CATTLE INDUSTRY
      • IMPACT OF RAILROADS ON LIFE IN TEXAS
      • EFFECTS ON AMERICAN INDIAN LIFE RESULTING FROM CHANGES IN TEXAS
      • FAMOUS INVENTORS AND SCIENTISTS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS
    • Urbanization >
      • IMPACT OF VARIOUS ISSUES AND EVENTS ON LIFE IN TEXAS
      • ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS >
        • John Tower
        • Scott Joplin
        • Cleto Rodriguez
        • Audie Murphy
        • Stanley Marcus
        • Bessie Coleman
        • Raul A. Gonzales
        • Patillo Higgins
        • Spindletop
        • Impact of Oil and Gas Industry
      • DEVELOPMENT AND IMPACT OF THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY ON INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN TEXAS
      • POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF HUMAN MODIFICATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
      • The Dust Bowl
      • Dust Bowl Images
    • Texas Today >
      • PRODUCTS OF TEXAS THAT ARE PURCHASED TO MEET NEEDS
      • CUSTOMS, CELEBRATIONS, TRADITIONS OF CULTURAL,
      • CONTRIBUTIONS OF PEOPLE
      • HOW SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES AND INNOVATIONS HAVE BENEFITED INDIVIDUALS, BUSINESSES, AND SOCIETY IN TEXAS
    • Texas Citizenship >
      • THE MEANING OF PATRIOTIC SYMBOLS AND LANDMARKS OF TEXAS
      • “TEXAS, OUR TEXAS”
      • IMPORTANT INDIVIDUALS
      • HOW INDIVIDUALS CAN PARTICIPATE VOLUNTARILY IN CIVIC AFFAIRS
      • DUTY OF THE INDIVIDUAL IN STATE AND LOCAL ELECTIONS
      • HOW TO CONTACT ELECTED AND APPOINTED LEADERS IN STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
      • Leadership Qualities
      • LEADERS IN GOVERNMENT
    • Texas Environment >
      • Vocabulary
      • WAYS PEOPLE HAVE ADAPTED TO AND MODIFIED THEIR ENVIRONMENT IN TEXAS
      • POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF HUMAN MODIFICATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
  • TX Maps
  • U.S
    • 1st Semester >
      • European Exploration >
        • Why People Move
        • ECONOMIC PATTERNS OF EARLY EUROPEAN COLONISTS
      • Colonial America >
        • New England Colonies
        • The Mid-Atlantic Colonies
      • Colonial Map Project
      • Road to Revolution >
        • The Southern Colonies
        • EVENTS PRIOR TO AND DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
        • CONTRIBUTIONS OF INDIVIDUALS DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD >
          • Founding Fathers
          • John Adams
          • Samuel Adams
          • Benjamin Franklin
          • Colonial Leaders >
            • William Bradford
            • Anne Hutchinson
            • William Penn
            • John Smith
            • John Wise
            • Roger Williams
          • Nathan Hale
          • Thomas Jefferson
          • Sons of Liberty
          • George Washington
          • MOTIVATIONS DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD
        • EXAMPLES OF ART, MUSIC, AND LITERATURE DURING REVOLUTION
        • Revolution and Its Effects >
          • RESULTS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
          • KEY ELEMENTS, PURPOSES, IMPORTANCE OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
          • CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE FOUNDING FATHERS
      • A Nation Is Born >
        • Articles of Confederation
        • CONTRIBUTIONS OF INDIVIDUALS WHO HELPED CREATE THE U.S. CONSTITUTION >
          • James Madison
          • George Mason
          • Charles Pinckney
          • Roger Sherman
        • PURPOSES OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTION IDENTIFIED IN THE PREAMBLE
        • Purpose of the Constitution
        • REASONS AND IMPORTANCE OF THE CREATION OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS
      • American Identity >
        • CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF THE WAR OF 1812
        • U.S. TERRITORIAL EXPANSION
        • Western Expansion Images
        • PATRIOTIC SYMBOLS AND LANDMARKS
        • MEANING OF THE PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
    • 2nd Semester >
      • Western Expansion >
        • CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF THE WAR OF 1812
        • Geographic Factors that Influence Patterns of Settlement
        • REASONS PEOPLE MOVED WEST
        • EVENTS AND CONCEPTS ASSOCIATED WITH U.S. TERRITORIAL
        • HOW INDUSTRY AND MECHANIZATION OF AGRICULTURE CHANGED THE AMERICAN WAY OF LIFE
      • A Nation Divided >
        • HOW CHANGES RESULTING FROM THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION LED TO CONFLICT AMONG SECTIONS OF THE U.S
        • Causes of Civil War
        • REASONS FOR LOCATION OF CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES
        • EFFECTS OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND
      • Post-Civil War America (Reconstruction) >
        • Effects of Civil War
        • CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF PEOPLE
        • Challenges and Triumphs of Immigrants in America
        • Challenges and Triumphs of American Indians in America
        • Transcontinental Railroad
        • ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF INDIVIDUALS IN THE FIELDS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY >
          • Benjamin Franklin
          • Thomas Edison
          • Eli Whitney
          • John Deere
          • Alexander Graham Bell
          • George Washington Carver
        • Origins and Significance of Memorial Day
      • Progress: A Bumpy Road >
        • Overview of the Times
        • Women and Their Contributions to Society
        • The Free Enterprise System
        • IMPACT OF MASS PRODUCTION, SPECIALIZATION AND DIVISION OF LABOR ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES
        • HOW SUPPLY AND DEMAND AFFECTS CONSUMERS
        • HOW SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS HAVE BENEFITED INDIVIDUALS AND SOCIETY
        • List of Inventions and Conveniences from the Late 1800s and Early 1900s
        • Transportation and Trade
        • The Vaccine
        • Labor Day
      • Conflict Abroad and at Home >
        • VARIOUS ISSUES AND EVENTS OF THE 20TH CENTURY
        • World War I
        • The Roaring Twenties and the Great Depression
        • World War II
        • ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS >
          • Dwight D. Eisenhower
          • Franklin D. Roosevelt
          • Tuskegee Airmen
          • 442nd Infantry Regiment
          • ORIGINS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF NATIONAL CELEBRATIONS
        • HOW SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS HAVE BENEFITED INDIVIDUALS AND SOCIETY
      • The United States Today >
        • VARIOUS ISSUES AND EVENTS OF THE 20TH CENTURY
        • VARIOUS ISSUES AND EVENTS OF THE 21ST CENTURY
        • ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS
        • The Race Begins
        • Advancements Because of NASA Research
        • Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
        • Rosa Parks – An Act of Courage
        • Civil Rights Act of 1964
        • Voting Rights Act
  • U.S Maps
  • Government
    • LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT
    • Constitutional Scavenger Hunt
    • BASIC FUNCTIONS OF THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT
    • SYSTEMS OF CHECKS AND BALANCES
    • THE BILL OF RIGHTS
    • HOW INDIVIDUALS CAN PARTICIPATE IN GOVERNMENT

Transportation and Trade

During the Industrial Revolution, the hard work of many creative entrepreneurs in America caused big changes in business and society. People were discovering, inventing, and selling many new products. Big department stores opened for the first time in cities. People traveled to cities to buy what they needed and wanted. As the population in America grew, the need for goods grew. As immigrants arrived in America, they began working, earning money, and then spending that money at department stores and local businesses. Additionally, trade with other countries in the world was very valuable to the
American economy. More and more people in America and in the world were becoming consumers. 

Sears-Roebuck and Montgomery Ward both began to publish new mail order catalogs which made shopping for and buying new products easily available to everyone. Now, consumers could buy things without having to leave their homes. Nicknamed "wish books," when the catalogs arrived in the mail, people were excited to see pictures and explanations of the goods that were available.  People would order what they wanted, and the products would be shipped right to  their house through the mail. 

Department stores increased the production of goods from American factories, and this mass production brought the prices down. Most Americans could now afford to buy clothing, shoes, furniture, and all kinds of household items because they were sold at an economical price. 

Also, during the Industrial Revolution another entrepreneur, Henry Ford, was working hard to improve the motored car. In 1903, Mr. Ford established the Ford Motor Company in an effort to build a car that was practical and available to more Americans. He and his friends began producing Model A Ford cars in small teams, one car at a time. It took each team about 12 ½ hours to complete one car. The team noticed that as fast as a car was built, it was sold. 

The Ford cars were known for their quality, but only the rich could afford to buy one at that time. The first cars driven down the streets frightened horses and people as they whizzed by. It took some time for people to get used to the new machines. 

Mr. Ford continued improving his cars and trying to reduce the price so more people could afford a car. Finally, Mr. Ford developed an idea to produce the cars that would make them more affordable: the assembly line. On the assembly line, each worker had just one specialized job. One worker would install just one part and then the car would pass it down the line. The next worker would install the next part. The parts rolled from one worker to the next on a large conveyor belt. By 1914, as the assembly line became more and more efficient with interchangeable parts, the workers could now assemble a Model T car in an hour and thirty minutes! Because the cars were produced more efficiently, the price came down to $360.00 a car.  By 1916, the price for a Model T dropped even further to $250.00. Now almost everyone in America could afford to buy a car. Mass production increased the number of Ford cars built in a year to 585,000. More and more consumers were driving cars. More and more consumers were buying gas and oil. More and more consumers were driving to cities to shop and spend money. The economy was thriving. 

Though work on the assembly line can seem repetitive, assembly line factories of all kinds were producing more goods quickly. Mr. Ford had changed the world.  He modeled how to produce factory goods more efficiently. Many goods, such as clothing and kitchen wares, were being mass produced. Now many more people could afford to buy what they needed and wanted. 

Production of goods through the assembly line process and the use of  interchangeable parts flooded the market with products. Selling products to people in other nations became appealing to entrepreneurs. And, yet there was another important discovery happening at the same time in the transportation arena in America. Mr. Ford’s cars allowed people to travel many different regional places, railroads were taking people all across the United States, and now it looked as though people would be taking to the skies to fly from place to place. 

Orville and Wilbur Wright were brothers from Dayton, Ohio, who owned a bicycle shop. Both brothers were determined to build an airplane that would lift off the ground with its own power while carrying a person. After much hard work on many experiments, re-designing and trial runs, in 1903, the brothers finally flew. The bi-plane was only airborne for a few feet, but it was a start. Now the brothers worked hard to improve the design. Finally, at a French airshow in 1908, thousands of people at a racetrack saw Wilbur fly in his airplane. With this new innovation people could travel by car, by train, and now by airplane, which opened up the ability for people to travel all over the world purchasing  goods and services worldwide.
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